QUANTIFICATION OF INTRUSIVE/RETRACTION FORCE AND MOMENT GENERATED DURING EN-MASSE RETRACTION OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH USING MINI-IMPLANTS: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to clarify the biomechanics of en-masse retraction of the upper anterior teeth and attempt to quantify the different forces and moments generated using mini-implants and to calculate the amount of applied force optimal for en-masse intrusion and retraction using mini-implants.Methods: The optimum

Marine sediments constitute one of the most energy-limited habitats on Earth, in which microorganisms persist over extraordinarily long timescales with very slow metabolisms.This habitat provides an ideal environment in which to study the energetic limits of life.However, the bioenergetic factors that can determine whether microorganisms will grow,

Compared with other biblical books that are named after its main protagonist, Job mentions many (at least 72) body parts.Yet hair is explicitly referred to only once, even when it plays a relatively significant role in MudPie other books in the Hebrew Bible.This virtual absence of hair in the book can at first glance be explained by the shaving of

SLC7A5, known as LAT1, belongs to the APC superfamily and forms a heterodimeric amino acid transporter interacting with the glycoprotein CD98 (SLC3A2) through a conserved disulfide.The complex is responsible for uptake of essential amino acids in crucial body districts such #Western Bridles as placenta and blood brain barrier.LAT1/CD98 heterodimer